Toxin Card

Toxin ID: arachnidatoxin-305
Toxin Name: δ-hexatoxin-Ar1a
Source Species: Atrax robustus
Toxin Group: Hexatoxin
Description: Insecticidal and vertebrate-active toxin from the Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus. A. robustus is one of the most dangerous spiders in the world and this toxin is responsible for the symptoms observed in humans following envenomation by this spider. δ-HXTX-Ar1a slows the inactivation of both vertebrate tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels and insect para-type sodium channels by binding to site 3 of the channel. It is not known whether δ-HXTX-Ar1a is specific for particular vertebrate Nav subtypes.

An antivenom that neutralizes the effect of δ-HXTX-Ar1a was introduced in Australia in 1981 and there have been no recorded deaths due to bites from Atrax robustus or related funnel-web spiders since this time.
Discovered: 1985

Source Spider Image

Spider Image

🧬 Annotated Sequence Map

Sequence Map

Legend: Blue lines Disulfide bonds · Green triangles Pharmacophores · Yellow boxes PTMs

Physicochemical Properties

Avg Mass (Reduced)

4856.7

Avg Mass (Oxidised)

4848.64

pI

8.88

Extinction Coeff

14480.0

Current Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Infra-order Family Genus Species
Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Mygalomorphae Hexathelidae Atrax robustus

Historical Taxonomy

Genus Species
Atrax robustus
Euctimena tibialis
Poikilomorpha montana